original description
Gould, A. A. (1852). Mollusca and shells. <em>In: United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes. Boston.</em> 12: 1-510; atlas 1856: 1-16., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10991152
page(s): 221-222, pl. 15, fig. 226. [details]
source of synonymy
Malaquias, M. A. E.; Reid, D. G. (2008). Systematic revision of the living species of Bullidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea), with a molecular phylogenetic analysis. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 153(3): 453-543., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00369.x [details]
From editor or global species database
Original description Gould (1852) cites Gould 1849, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 3:107, but the species name does not occur there. [details]