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Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine
fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592.
132660
Williams, S. T.
2007
Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine
fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
2007(92): 573-592
Publication
The present study aimed to assess the consequences of tectonic events and temperature regime on the diversification of Indo-West Pacific (IWP) turban shell species. Bayesian and parsimony methods were used to construct a phylogenetic hypothesis using sequence data from three genes for the turban shell genus Turbo and for a larger data set including representatives of all known genera in the subfamily Turbininae. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that all IWP Turbo species form a single clade approximately 68 Myr in age, predating the closure of the Tethys Sea and therefore predating the physical separation of the IWP from other biogeographical regions. All but one of the IWP subgenera tested in Turbo also predate the closure of the Tethys Sea. Fossil evidence for Marmarostoma, the largest subgenus, confirms that at least some Turbo lineages currently restricted to the IWP were previously more widespread. The combination of the phylogeny with the fossil evidence suggests that present day diversity in IWP Turbo is the result of the evolutionary persistence within the IWP of several, morphologically distinct lineages, some of which were more widespread in the Oligocene. Some IWP lineages show significant increases in diversification in the early Miocene, probably as a result of the increased availability of both shallow-water habitats due to tectonic plate movements and increased carbonate platforms in the central IWP resulting from coincident diversification of zooxanthellate corals. The IWP is therefore behaving as both a cradle of diversity (with new species originating in situ) and a museum of diversity (with lineages that predate its isolation also being maintained). Bayesian and parsimony analyses of the subfamily recovered five clades and mapping the temperature regime (tropical or temperate) of each species onto the molecular tree using parsimony suggested that temperate habitat is an ancestral character in at least four of the clades. This result was also supported by Bayesian reconstruction of ancestral states. Astralium (the fifth clade) may also prove to have a temperate origin, but this could not be determined with certainty given the available data. The origin of diversity in tropical regions is of particular interest because it has been suggested that the tropics are the source of many evolutionary novelties and have provided a species pool, from which temperate regions were populated. The present study suggests that Turbininae may be an exception to this rule. The tree shape also suggests that temperature has had an effect on speciation rates; temperate Turbininae are apparently evolving more slowly or suffering more extinction than their tropical sister clades, which show greater diversity.
Astraea Röding, 1798 (basis of record)
Astraea heliotropium (Martyn, 1784) (basis of record)
Astralium calcar (Linnaeus, 1758) (basis of record)
Astralium haematragum (Menke, 1829) (basis of record)
Astralium pileolum (Reeve, 1842) (basis of record)
Astralium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) (basis of record)
Astralium stellare (Gmelin, 1791) (basis of record)
Astralium tentoriiforme (Jonas, 1845) (basis of record)
Astralium tentorium (Thiele, 1930) (basis of record)
Astralium wallisi (Iredale, 1937) (basis of record)
Bellastraea Iredale, 1924 (basis of record)
Bellastraea aurea (Jonas, 1844) (basis of record)
Bellastraea kesteveni Iredale, 1924 accepted as Bellastraea squamifera (F. C. L. Koch, 1844) (basis of record)
Bellastraea rutidoloma (Tate, 1893) (new combination reference)
Bolma Risso, 1826 (additional source)
Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902) (additional source)
Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861) (additional source)
Bolma minutiradiosa Kosuge, 1983 (additional source)
Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843) (additional source)
Bolma persica (Dall, 1907) (additional source)
Cookia Lesson, 1832 (additional source)
Guildfordia J. E. Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Guildfordia aculeata Kosuge, 1979 (additional source)
Guildfordia triumphans (R. A. Philippi, 1841) (basis of record)
Guildfordia yoka Jousseaume, 1899 (basis of record)
Lithopoma J. E. Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Lithopoma americanum (Gmelin, 1791) (basis of record)
Lithopoma caelatum (Gmelin, 1791) (basis of record)
Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798) (basis of record)
Lithopoma undosum (W. Wood, 1828) accepted as Megastraea undosa (W. Wood, 1828) (basis of record)
Lunella Röding, 1798 (basis of record)
Lunella (Ninella) Gray, 1850 represented as Lunella Röding, 1798 (basis of record)
Lunella (Ninella) torquata (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Ninella J. E. Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Lunella (Subninella) Thiele, 1929 represented as Lunella Röding, 1798 (basis of record)
Micrastraea Cotton, 1939 accepted as Bellastraea Iredale, 1924 (source of synonymy)
Modelia J. E. Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Modelia granosa (Martyn, 1784) (additional source)
Pomaulax Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Prisogaster Mörch, 1850 (basis of record)
Prisogaster niger (W. Wood, 1828) (basis of record)
Prisogasterinae Hickman & J. H. McLean, 1990 (basis of record)
Turbo (Batillus) Schumacher, 1817 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Callopoma) Gray, 1850 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Carswellena) Iredale, 1931 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Chaenoturbo) J. H. McLean, 1970 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Dinassovica) Iredale, 1937 accepted as Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Dinassovica) jourdani Kiener, 1839 accepted as Turbo jourdani Kiener, 1839 (basis of record)
Turbo (Euninella) Cotton, 1939 accepted as Turbo (Carswellena) Iredale, 1931 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Lunatica) Röding, 1798 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Lunatica) militaris Reeve, 1848 represented as Turbo militaris Reeve, 1848 (basis of record)
Turbo (Lunella) Röding, 1798 accepted as Lunella Röding, 1798 (additional source)
Turbo (Marmarostoma) Swainson, 1829 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Marmarostoma) argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Marmarostoma) chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Marmarostoma) markusrufi Kreipl & Alf, 2003 represented as Turbo markusrufi Kreipl & Alf, 2003 (basis of record)
Turbo (Ocana) H. Adams, 1861 accepted as Turbo (Sarmaticus) Gray, 1847 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Ocana) cidaris Gmelin, 1791 accepted as Turbo cidaris Gmelin, 1791 (basis of record)
Turbo (Sarmaticus) Gray, 1847 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Sarmaticus) cidaris Gmelin, 1791 represented as Turbo cidaris Gmelin, 1791 (basis of record)
Turbo (Senectus) Swainson, 1840 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Turbo) reevii R. A. Philippi, 1847 represented as Turbo reevii R. A. Philippi, 1847 (basis of record)
Turbo bruneus (Röding, 1798) (basis of record)
Turbo canaliculatus Hermann, 1781 (additional source)
Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791 (additional source)
Turbo cepoides E. A. Smith, 1880 (basis of record)
Turbo cornutus [Lightfoot], 1786 (basis of record)
Turbo exquisitus Angas, 1877 (basis of record)
Turbo fluctuosus W. Wood, 1828 (basis of record)
Turbo gruneri R. A. Philippi, 1846 accepted as Carswellena gruneri (R. A. Philippi, 1846) (basis of record)
Turbo haraldi R. Robertson, 1957 (basis of record)
Turbo haynesi (Preston, 1914) (basis of record)
Turbo heterocheilus Pilsbry, 1889 (basis of record)
Turbo intercostalis Menke, 1846 (additional source)
Turbo jonathani H. Dekker, Moolenbeek & Dance, 1992 (basis of record)
Turbo jourdani Kiener, 1839 (basis of record)
Turbo laetus R. A. Philippi, 1849 (basis of record)
Turbo mazatlanicus Pilsbry & H. N. Lowe, 1932 (basis of record)
Turbo sarmaticus Linnaeus, 1758 (additional source)
Turbo saxosus W. Wood, 1828 (basis of record)
Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791 (basis of record)
Turbo sparverius Gmelin, 1791 (basis of record)
Turbo squamiger Reeve, 1843 (basis of record)
Turbo squamosus J. E. Gray, 1847 accepted as Turbo laminiferus Reeve, 1848 (basis of record)
Turbo stenogyrus P. Fischer, 1873 (basis of record)
Turbo tuberculosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 (basis of record)
Astraea heliotropium (Martyn, 1784) (basis of record)
Astralium calcar (Linnaeus, 1758) (basis of record)
Astralium haematragum (Menke, 1829) (basis of record)
Astralium pileolum (Reeve, 1842) (basis of record)
Astralium rhodostomum (Lamarck, 1822) (basis of record)
Astralium stellare (Gmelin, 1791) (basis of record)
Astralium tentoriiforme (Jonas, 1845) (basis of record)
Astralium tentorium (Thiele, 1930) (basis of record)
Astralium wallisi (Iredale, 1937) (basis of record)
Bellastraea Iredale, 1924 (basis of record)
Bellastraea aurea (Jonas, 1844) (basis of record)
Bellastraea kesteveni Iredale, 1924 accepted as Bellastraea squamifera (F. C. L. Koch, 1844) (basis of record)
Bellastraea rutidoloma (Tate, 1893) (new combination reference)
Bolma Risso, 1826 (additional source)
Bolma andersoni (E. A. Smith, 1902) (additional source)
Bolma girgyllus (Reeve, 1861) (additional source)
Bolma minutiradiosa Kosuge, 1983 (additional source)
Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843) (additional source)
Bolma persica (Dall, 1907) (additional source)
Cookia Lesson, 1832 (additional source)
Guildfordia J. E. Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Guildfordia aculeata Kosuge, 1979 (additional source)
Guildfordia triumphans (R. A. Philippi, 1841) (basis of record)
Guildfordia yoka Jousseaume, 1899 (basis of record)
Lithopoma J. E. Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Lithopoma americanum (Gmelin, 1791) (basis of record)
Lithopoma caelatum (Gmelin, 1791) (basis of record)
Lithopoma phoebium (Röding, 1798) (basis of record)
Lithopoma undosum (W. Wood, 1828) accepted as Megastraea undosa (W. Wood, 1828) (basis of record)
Lunella Röding, 1798 (basis of record)
Lunella (Ninella) Gray, 1850 represented as Lunella Röding, 1798 (basis of record)
Lunella (Ninella) torquata (Gmelin, 1791) accepted as Ninella J. E. Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Lunella (Subninella) Thiele, 1929 represented as Lunella Röding, 1798 (basis of record)
Micrastraea Cotton, 1939 accepted as Bellastraea Iredale, 1924 (source of synonymy)
Modelia J. E. Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Modelia granosa (Martyn, 1784) (additional source)
Pomaulax Gray, 1850 (basis of record)
Prisogaster Mörch, 1850 (basis of record)
Prisogaster niger (W. Wood, 1828) (basis of record)
Prisogasterinae Hickman & J. H. McLean, 1990 (basis of record)
Turbo (Batillus) Schumacher, 1817 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Callopoma) Gray, 1850 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Carswellena) Iredale, 1931 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Chaenoturbo) J. H. McLean, 1970 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Dinassovica) Iredale, 1937 accepted as Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Dinassovica) jourdani Kiener, 1839 accepted as Turbo jourdani Kiener, 1839 (basis of record)
Turbo (Euninella) Cotton, 1939 accepted as Turbo (Carswellena) Iredale, 1931 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Lunatica) Röding, 1798 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Lunatica) militaris Reeve, 1848 represented as Turbo militaris Reeve, 1848 (basis of record)
Turbo (Lunella) Röding, 1798 accepted as Lunella Röding, 1798 (additional source)
Turbo (Marmarostoma) Swainson, 1829 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Marmarostoma) argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Marmarostoma) chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Marmarostoma) markusrufi Kreipl & Alf, 2003 represented as Turbo markusrufi Kreipl & Alf, 2003 (basis of record)
Turbo (Ocana) H. Adams, 1861 accepted as Turbo (Sarmaticus) Gray, 1847 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Ocana) cidaris Gmelin, 1791 accepted as Turbo cidaris Gmelin, 1791 (basis of record)
Turbo (Sarmaticus) Gray, 1847 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Sarmaticus) cidaris Gmelin, 1791 represented as Turbo cidaris Gmelin, 1791 (basis of record)
Turbo (Senectus) Swainson, 1840 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758 (basis of record)
Turbo (Turbo) reevii R. A. Philippi, 1847 represented as Turbo reevii R. A. Philippi, 1847 (basis of record)
Turbo bruneus (Röding, 1798) (basis of record)
Turbo canaliculatus Hermann, 1781 (additional source)
Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791 (additional source)
Turbo cepoides E. A. Smith, 1880 (basis of record)
Turbo cornutus [Lightfoot], 1786 (basis of record)
Turbo exquisitus Angas, 1877 (basis of record)
Turbo fluctuosus W. Wood, 1828 (basis of record)
Turbo gruneri R. A. Philippi, 1846 accepted as Carswellena gruneri (R. A. Philippi, 1846) (basis of record)
Turbo haraldi R. Robertson, 1957 (basis of record)
Turbo haynesi (Preston, 1914) (basis of record)
Turbo heterocheilus Pilsbry, 1889 (basis of record)
Turbo intercostalis Menke, 1846 (additional source)
Turbo jonathani H. Dekker, Moolenbeek & Dance, 1992 (basis of record)
Turbo jourdani Kiener, 1839 (basis of record)
Turbo laetus R. A. Philippi, 1849 (basis of record)
Turbo mazatlanicus Pilsbry & H. N. Lowe, 1932 (basis of record)
Turbo sarmaticus Linnaeus, 1758 (additional source)
Turbo saxosus W. Wood, 1828 (basis of record)
Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791 (basis of record)
Turbo sparverius Gmelin, 1791 (basis of record)
Turbo squamiger Reeve, 1843 (basis of record)
Turbo squamosus J. E. Gray, 1847 accepted as Turbo laminiferus Reeve, 1848 (basis of record)
Turbo stenogyrus P. Fischer, 1873 (basis of record)
Turbo tuberculosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834 (basis of record)