MolluscaBase taxon details
Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833)
740349 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:740349)
accepted
Species
Acrostoma variabile (W. H. Benson, 1836) · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Acrostoma variabile var. pseudospinosa Prashad, 1921 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Brotia (Brotia) costula (Rafinesque, 1833) · unaccepted
Brotia (Brotia) costula costula (Rafinesque, 1833) · unaccepted
Brotia (Brotia) costula varicosa (Troschel, 1837) · unaccepted (a junior synonym)
Brotia variabilis (W. H. Benson, 1836) · unaccepted (based on an unavailable name)
Melania (Melanoides) soloensis K. Martin, 1905 † · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Melania (Melanoides) variabilis W. H. Benson, 1836 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. microstoma G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. pseudospinosa G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. semilaevigata G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted > junior homonym (original combination)
Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subspinosa G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subtuberculata G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subvaricosa G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
Melania carolinae J. E. Gray, 1833 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania costula Rafinesque, 1833 · unaccepted (original combination)
Melania hainesiana I. Lea, 1857 · unaccepted
Melania indica Souleyet, 1852 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania menkeana "Brot, 1875" · unaccepted (incorrect subsequent spelling of...)
incorrect subsequent spelling of Melania menkiana; not qualifying as an emendation
Melania menkeana G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted (unjustified emendation of Melania...)
unjustified emendation of Melania menkiana I. Lea, 1843
Melania menkiana I. Lea, 1843 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania meukiana I. Lea, 1843 · unaccepted (incorrect original spelling;...)
incorrect original spelling; Melania menkiana is an emendation
Melania plicata I. Lea, 1838 · unaccepted (invalid: junior homonym of...)
invalid: junior homonym of Melania plicata Menke, 1828; M. menkiana is a replacement name
Melania spinosa Hanley, 1854 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania variabilis W. H. Benson, 1836 · unaccepted (invalid: junior homonym of...)
invalid: junior homonym of Melania variabilis Defrance, 1823
Melania variabilis var. aspera Hanley & Theobald, 1874 · unaccepted (invalid: junior homonym of...)
invalid: junior homonym of Melania aspera Lesson, 1831
Melania variabilis var. cincta Hanley & Theobald, 1874 · unaccepted (invalid: junior homonym of...)
invalid: junior homonym of Melania cincta I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851
Melania variabilis var. microstoma G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted (invalid: junior homonym of...)
invalid: junior homonym of Melania microstoma I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851
Melania variabilis var. pseudospinosa G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania variabilis var. semilaevigata G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania variabilis var. subspinosa G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania variabilis var. subtuberculata G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania variabilis var. subvaricosa G. Nevill, 1885 · unaccepted (junior synonym)
Melania varicosa Troschel, 1837 · unaccepted
- Subspecies Brotia costula peninsularis Brandt, 1974 accepted as Brotia peninsularis Brandt, 1974 (basionym)
(of Melania costula Rafinesque, 1833) Rafinesque, C. S. (1833). On 5 new fresh water shells, of Bengal and Assam in Asia. <em>Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge.</em> 5: 165−170., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54260851
page(s): 166 [details]
page(s): 166 [details]
Lectotype (of Melania spinosa Hanley, 1854) NHMUK...
Lectotype (of Melania spinosa Hanley, 1854) NHMUK 1907.10.28.79, geounit Bangladesh [details]
Lectotype (of Melania variabilis W. H. Benson, 1836) NHMUK 1872.12.2.2, geounit India [details]
Lectotype (of Melania carolinae J. E. Gray, 1833) NHMUK 1874. 10.12.11/1, geounit India [details]
Lectotype (of Melania varicosa Troschel, 1837) ZMB 2.226a, geounit India [details]
MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Brotia costula (Rafinesque, 1833). Accessed at: https://www.molluscabase.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=740349 on 2025-07-15
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original description
(of Melania variabilis W. H. Benson, 1836) Benson, W. H. (1836). Descriptive catalogue of a collection of land and fresh-water shells, chiefly contained in the Museum of the Asiatic Society. <em>Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal.</em> 5(59): 741–750., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37188918
page(s): 746 [details]
original description (of Melania costula Rafinesque, 1833) Rafinesque, C. S. (1833). On 5 new fresh water shells, of Bengal and Assam in Asia. <em>Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge.</em> 5: 165−170., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54260851
page(s): 166 [details]
original description (of Melania carolinae J. E. Gray, 1833) Griffith E. & Pidgeon E. (1833-1834). The Mollusca and Radiata. Vol. 12, In: E. Griffith, [1824]−1835, The Animal Kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, [...]. London: Whittaker and Co., viii + 601 pp., 61 pls. [Date of publication after Evenhuis (2009): pp. 1-384, Mollusca pls. 1−39, Zoophytes pls 1-20 - 1833; pp. viii + 385-601, Mollusca corrected pls. 28*, 36*, 37*, pls. 40-41 - 1834]. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40578
page(s): pl. 13, fig. 3 [legend] [details]
original description (of Melania plicata I. Lea, 1838) Lea, I. (1838). Description of new freshwater and land shells. <em>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society.</em> new ser., 6: 1-154, plates 1-24., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26881423
page(s): 20, pl. 23, fig. 95 [details]
original description (of Melania varicosa Troschel, 1837) Troschel, F. H. (1837). Neue Süßwasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte.</em> 3: 166–182., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13477892
page(s): 174 [details]
original description (of Melania hainesiana I. Lea, 1857) Lea, I. (1857). Description of fifteen new species of exotic Melaniana. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 8(4): 144-145 [dated as 1856 by Scudder (1885: 71) but earliest acknowledged receipt documented by Fox (1913: xi) was 25 April 1857]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1935199
page(s): 144 [details]
original description (of Melania indica Souleyet, 1852) Eydoux, J. F. T. & Souleyet, L. F. A. (1852). Voyage autour du monde exécuté pendant les années 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette La Bonite commandée par M. Vaillant. Zoologie, Tome Deuxième. <em>Zoologie. Bertrand, Paris.</em> 664 pp., Paris (Arthus Bertrand)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28264738
page(s): pl. 31, fig. 12 [details]
original description (of Melania meukiana I. Lea, 1843) Lea, I. (1843). On fresh water shells (continuation) [sixteen new species of the family Melanianae]. <em>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.</em> 2(24): 241-243 [on or before 3 January 1843, teste Scudder (1885: 41)]., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34521669
page(s): 242 [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. pseudospinosa G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 258; note: Figure provided G. Nevill (1881) pl. 6, fig. 17 (nomen nudum). [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. semilaevigata G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 254 [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subspinosa G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 253; note: Listed as a subvariety [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subtuberculata G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 252-253; note: Described as a subvariety. [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subvaricosa G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 253-254 [details]
original description (of Melania menkeana G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 260 [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. microstoma G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 261; note: Described as a subvariety. [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) soloensis K. Martin, 1905 †) Martin K. (1895-1906). Die Fossilien von Java auf grund einer Sammlung von Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek. I. Band. Gasteropoda. <em>Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs-Museums in Leiden.</em> new ser., 1: 1-132, pls 1-20 [1895]; 133-220, pls 21-33 [1899]; 221-281, pls 34-41 [1905]; 282-332, pls 42-45 [1906]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42306724
page(s): 237-238, pl. 36, figs 563, 564 [details]
original description (of Acrostoma variabile var. pseudospinosa Prashad, 1921) Prashad B. (1921). Report on a collection of Sumatran molluscs from fresh and brackish water. <em>Records of the Indian Museum.</em> 22: 461-507., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11202042
page(s): 488 [details]
basis of record Köhler, F.; Glaubrecht, M. (2001). Toward a systematic revision of the southeast Asian freshwater gastropod <i>Brotia</i> H. Adams, 1866 (Cerithioidea: Pachychylidae): An account of species from around the South China Sea. <em>Journal of Molluscan Studies.</em> 67: 281-318. [details]
basis of record Köhler, F.; Glaubrecht, M. (2006). A systematic revision of the southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae). <em>Malacologia.</em> 48(1−2): 159−251., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13115602
page(s): 176 [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source Dey, A., Barua, S. & Mitra, S. C. (1985). Namdapha Biosphere Reserve: Mollusca. <em>Records of the Zoological Survey of India.</em> 82(1-4): 263-274., available online at https://recordsofzsi.com/index.php/zsoi/article/view/161301/111103
page(s): 270 [details]
page(s): 746 [details]
original description (of Melania costula Rafinesque, 1833) Rafinesque, C. S. (1833). On 5 new fresh water shells, of Bengal and Assam in Asia. <em>Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge.</em> 5: 165−170., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/54260851
page(s): 166 [details]
original description (of Melania carolinae J. E. Gray, 1833) Griffith E. & Pidgeon E. (1833-1834). The Mollusca and Radiata. Vol. 12, In: E. Griffith, [1824]−1835, The Animal Kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, [...]. London: Whittaker and Co., viii + 601 pp., 61 pls. [Date of publication after Evenhuis (2009): pp. 1-384, Mollusca pls. 1−39, Zoophytes pls 1-20 - 1833; pp. viii + 385-601, Mollusca corrected pls. 28*, 36*, 37*, pls. 40-41 - 1834]. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40578
page(s): pl. 13, fig. 3 [legend] [details]
original description (of Melania plicata I. Lea, 1838) Lea, I. (1838). Description of new freshwater and land shells. <em>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society.</em> new ser., 6: 1-154, plates 1-24., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26881423
page(s): 20, pl. 23, fig. 95 [details]
original description (of Melania varicosa Troschel, 1837) Troschel, F. H. (1837). Neue Süßwasser-Conchylien aus dem Ganges. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte.</em> 3: 166–182., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13477892
page(s): 174 [details]
original description (of Melania hainesiana I. Lea, 1857) Lea, I. (1857). Description of fifteen new species of exotic Melaniana. <em>Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 8(4): 144-145 [dated as 1856 by Scudder (1885: 71) but earliest acknowledged receipt documented by Fox (1913: xi) was 25 April 1857]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1935199
page(s): 144 [details]
original description (of Melania indica Souleyet, 1852) Eydoux, J. F. T. & Souleyet, L. F. A. (1852). Voyage autour du monde exécuté pendant les années 1836 et 1837 sur la corvette La Bonite commandée par M. Vaillant. Zoologie, Tome Deuxième. <em>Zoologie. Bertrand, Paris.</em> 664 pp., Paris (Arthus Bertrand)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28264738
page(s): pl. 31, fig. 12 [details]
original description (of Melania meukiana I. Lea, 1843) Lea, I. (1843). On fresh water shells (continuation) [sixteen new species of the family Melanianae]. <em>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society.</em> 2(24): 241-243 [on or before 3 January 1843, teste Scudder (1885: 41)]., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34521669
page(s): 242 [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. pseudospinosa G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 258; note: Figure provided G. Nevill (1881) pl. 6, fig. 17 (nomen nudum). [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. semilaevigata G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 254 [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subspinosa G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 253; note: Listed as a subvariety [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subtuberculata G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 252-253; note: Described as a subvariety. [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. subvaricosa G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 253-254 [details]
original description (of Melania menkeana G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 260 [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) variabilis var. microstoma G. Nevill, 1885) Nevill, G. (1885). <i>Hand List of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta</i>. Part II. Gastropoda. Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia (contd.). x + 306 pp. Office of Superintendent of Government Printing, Calcutta. ["1884"; after 25 January 1885]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/44691
page(s): 261; note: Described as a subvariety. [details]
original description (of Melania (Melanoides) soloensis K. Martin, 1905 †) Martin K. (1895-1906). Die Fossilien von Java auf grund einer Sammlung von Dr. R. D. M. Verbeek. I. Band. Gasteropoda. <em>Sammlungen des Geologischen Reichs-Museums in Leiden.</em> new ser., 1: 1-132, pls 1-20 [1895]; 133-220, pls 21-33 [1899]; 221-281, pls 34-41 [1905]; 282-332, pls 42-45 [1906]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42306724
page(s): 237-238, pl. 36, figs 563, 564 [details]
original description (of Acrostoma variabile var. pseudospinosa Prashad, 1921) Prashad B. (1921). Report on a collection of Sumatran molluscs from fresh and brackish water. <em>Records of the Indian Museum.</em> 22: 461-507., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11202042
page(s): 488 [details]
basis of record Köhler, F.; Glaubrecht, M. (2001). Toward a systematic revision of the southeast Asian freshwater gastropod <i>Brotia</i> H. Adams, 1866 (Cerithioidea: Pachychylidae): An account of species from around the South China Sea. <em>Journal of Molluscan Studies.</em> 67: 281-318. [details]
basis of record Köhler, F.; Glaubrecht, M. (2006). A systematic revision of the southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae). <em>Malacologia.</em> 48(1−2): 159−251., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13115602
page(s): 176 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Dey, A., Barua, S. & Mitra, S. C. (1985). Namdapha Biosphere Reserve: Mollusca. <em>Records of the Zoological Survey of India.</em> 82(1-4): 263-274., available online at https://recordsofzsi.com/index.php/zsoi/article/view/161301/111103
page(s): 270 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Lectotype (of Melania spinosa Hanley, 1854) NHMUK 1907.10.28.79, geounit Bangladesh [details]
Lectotype (of Melania variabilis W. H. Benson, 1836) NHMUK 1872.12.2.2, geounit India [details]
Lectotype (of Melania carolinae J. E. Gray, 1833) NHMUK 1874. 10.12.11/1, geounit India [details]
Lectotype (of Melania varicosa Troschel, 1837) ZMB 2.226a, geounit India [details]
Syntype (of Melania indica Souleyet, 1852) MNHN, geounit India [details]
Syntype (of Melania plicata I. Lea, 1838) NHMUK, geounit Burma [details]
Syntype (of Melania hainesiana I. Lea, 1857) USNM 119741, geounit India [details]
To Barcode of Life (6 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Melania carolinae J. E. Gray, 1833)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (74 publications) (from synonym Melania variabilis W. H. Benson, 1836)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Brotia costula)
To GB Mollusca Types (Melania variabilis var. aspera Hanley & Theobald, 1874; Syntype(s) (figured); LEEDM.C.1957.173.1863) (from synonym Melania variabilis var. aspera Hanley & Theobald, 1874)
To GenBank (7 nucleotides; 4 proteins) (from synonym Melania costula Rafinesque, 1833)
To GenBank (7 nucleotides; 4 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Melania hainesiana Lea, 1856 Syntype USNM 119741) (from synonym Melania hainesiana I. Lea, 1857)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Melania carolinae J. E. Gray, 1833)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (4 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (74 publications) (from synonym Melania variabilis W. H. Benson, 1836)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Brotia costula)
To GB Mollusca Types (Melania variabilis var. aspera Hanley & Theobald, 1874; Syntype(s) (figured); LEEDM.C.1957.173.1863) (from synonym Melania variabilis var. aspera Hanley & Theobald, 1874)
To GenBank (7 nucleotides; 4 proteins) (from synonym Melania costula Rafinesque, 1833)
To GenBank (7 nucleotides; 4 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern)
To NMNH Extant Collection (Melania hainesiana Lea, 1856 Syntype USNM 119741) (from synonym Melania hainesiana I. Lea, 1857)
